Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is a city rich in history, culture, and architectural beauty. Nestled on the banks of the Danube River, it’s often referred to as the “Paris of the East” due to its stunning skyline, which blends Gothic, Baroque, and Art Nouveau styles. If you’re visiting for the first time, here’s what you shouldn’t miss:
Buda and Pest: A Tale of Two Cities
Budapest is divided by the Danube into two distinct halves: Buda and Pest. Buda, on the west bank, is the hilly and historical side, home to the iconic Buda Castle and Fisherman’s Bastion. From here, you’ll enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of Pest and the Parliament building. Pest, on the flat east bank, is the lively, cultural hub where you’ll find the majestic Hungarian Parliament, St. Stephen’s Basilica, and Andrássy Avenue, a UNESCO World Heritage site lined with cafes, theaters, and luxury shops.
Must-See Sights
Buda Castle: This UNESCO-listed palace complex was once the residence of Hungarian kings. Today, it houses the Hungarian National Gallery and the Budapest History Museum.
Fisherman’s Bastion: A fairy-tale-like terrace offering spectacular views over the city and the river. Its neo-Gothic and Romanesque style make it a photographer’s dream.
Chain Bridge: This 19th-century suspension bridge is one of the most recognizable landmarks of Budapest, connecting Buda and Pest across the Danube.
Hungarian Parliament Building: With its Gothic Revival architecture and intricate details, this is one of the largest and most beautiful parliamentary buildings in the world. Tours are available for those interested in learning more about Hungary’s political history.
Thermal Baths: Budapest is famous for its thermal baths, thanks to the city’s location on numerous natural hot springs. Széchenyi Thermal Bath is the largest and most popular, with outdoor pools that are open year-round. For a more luxurious experience, try the Gellért Baths.
Cultural Highlights
Budapest is a cultural hotspot, with a vibrant arts scene. The city is home to the Hungarian State Opera House, where you can catch world-class performances of opera and ballet. The House of Terror Museum offers a sobering look at Hungary’s turbulent 20th-century history under Nazi and Soviet occupations. For something lighter, stroll through Városliget (City Park), visit the Great Market Hall for local delicacies, or explore the city’s many ruin bars—unique pubs set in dilapidated buildings with eclectic decor.
Local Cuisine
Hungarian cuisine is hearty and flavorful, with staples like goulash (a meat and vegetable stew seasoned with paprika), pörkölt (a type of meat stew), and langos (deep-fried dough topped with sour cream and cheese). For dessert, try chimney cake or dobos torte, a multi-layered sponge cake with caramel topping. The city’s café culture is also alive and well; don’t miss historic cafés like Café Gerbeaud and New York Café, known for their grand interiors and indulgent pastries.
River Cruises and Nightlife
A river cruise on the Danube is one of the best ways to see the beauty of Budapest. Many operators offer daytime or evening cruises, some with dinner and live music. At night, Budapest comes alive with a vibrant nightlife scene. The city’s famous ruin bars, like Szimpla Kert, offer a quirky mix of art, music, and cocktails in abandoned buildings, making for an unforgettable night out.
Getting Around
Budapest has an efficient public transportation system, including buses, trams, and a historic metro line—the second-oldest in the world. For an authentic experience, hop on one of the yellow trams that glide along the Danube’s banks, offering lovely views of the city’s landmarks.
When to Visit
Budapest is a year-round destination, but the best times to visit are spring (April to June) and fall (September to October), when the weather is pleasant, and the crowds are smaller. If you visit in December, you’ll be treated to the magical Christmas markets, where you can sip mulled wine while browsing for handmade gifts.
Prague
Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is one of Europe’s most enchanting cities, known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, vibrant culture, and rich history. Nicknamed “The City of a Hundred Spires,” its skyline is dominated by Gothic cathedrals, Baroque palaces, and ancient bridges, making it a dream destination for travelers. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a beautiful European getaway, Prague offers something for everyone.
A City of History and Charm
Prague’s history spans over a thousand years, and it feels like stepping into a storybook. The Old Town (Staré Město) and Lesser Town (Malá Strana) are particularly captivating, with their narrow cobblestone streets, historic squares, and buildings dating back to the medieval period. The city was largely untouched by the destruction of World War II, so many of its landmarks remain intact, offering a window into its storied past.
Must-See Landmarks
- Prague Castle: Overlooking the city from a hilltop, Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle complex in the world. Inside, you’ll find St. Vitus Cathedral, a Gothic masterpiece, along with royal palaces, gardens, and museums. Don’t miss the Golden Lane, a charming street within the castle walls lined with colorful historic houses.
- Charles Bridge: This iconic stone bridge, built in the 14th century, connects the Old Town with the Lesser Town. Lined with Baroque statues, it offers spectacular views of the Vltava River and the city’s skyline. It’s especially magical at sunrise or after dusk when the crowds thin out.
- Old Town Square: The heart of Prague’s Old Town, this square is surrounded by stunning Gothic and Baroque architecture. The star attraction is the Astronomical Clock, a 600-year-old clock that puts on a delightful show at the top of each hour as mechanical figures move in procession. Nearby, you’ll also find the Týn Church with its soaring twin spires and the Church of St. Nicholas.
- Lesser Town (Malá Strana): Situated beneath Prague Castle, Lesser Town is a picturesque neighborhood full of Baroque palaces, churches, and hidden gardens. A stroll through Nerudova Street will lead you past beautiful old buildings with charming house signs.
- Jewish Quarter (Josefov): Home to one of the best-preserved Jewish quarters in Europe, this area tells the story of Prague’s Jewish community through its synagogues, including the Old-New Synagogue, and the Jewish Cemetery, a hauntingly beautiful site where thousands of gravestones stand close together in a small space.
Cultural Highlights
Prague has a thriving cultural scene, with everything from classical music concerts to contemporary art exhibitions. The city has a deep connection to music, as the birthplace of composer Antonín Dvořák and a city where Mozart often performed. Classical music enthusiasts will enjoy attending performances at the Rudolfinum or the Municipal House.
For art lovers, the National Gallery houses works from Czech and international artists, while the Kampa Museum showcases modern and contemporary art in a stunning riverside setting. The Kafka Museum offers insights into the life and work of one of Prague’s most famous writers, Franz Kafka.
Local Cuisine
Czech cuisine is hearty and comforting, with dishes that are perfect for a cold day. Svíčková (marinated beef with creamy sauce and dumplings) and goulash are popular traditional dishes. Be sure to try trdelník, a sweet pastry rolled in sugar and cinnamon, often filled with ice cream or chocolate—though it’s more of a tourist treat than an authentic local dessert.
Prague is also famous for its beer, with the Czechs being among the world’s biggest consumers of the beverage. Visit a local pub to sample world-renowned Czech lagers like Pilsner Urquell or Budvar. For a more immersive experience, take a brewery tour or visit one of the traditional beer halls.
Hidden Gems
- Vyšehrad: Often overlooked by tourists, this hilltop fortress offers a peaceful retreat with incredible views over the Vltava River and the city. Explore the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul and the Vyšehrad Cemetery, where many famous Czech figures are buried.
- Petřín Hill: Climb or take the funicular up Petřín Hill for stunning panoramic views of Prague. At the top, you’ll find a mini version of Paris’s Eiffel Tower, known as the Petřín Lookout Tower, as well as lovely gardens and walking paths.
- John Lennon Wall: This colorful, graffiti-covered wall has become a symbol of peace and freedom, constantly evolving as visitors add their own messages and artwork.
River Cruises and Nightlife
Prague’s Vltava River offers a picturesque backdrop for a boat cruise, whether you choose a sightseeing tour during the day or a romantic dinner cruise at night. The river is also flanked by green spaces like Střelecký Island, a peaceful spot for a break from the city’s bustle.
When the sun sets, Prague’s nightlife comes alive. You’ll find everything from traditional Czech pubs to modern cocktail bars and underground clubs. For a unique experience, visit one of Prague’s medieval taverns or a jazz club, many of which are located in historic cellars.
When to Visit
Prague is beautiful year-round, but the best times to visit are spring (April to June) and fall (September to October), when the weather is pleasant, and the crowds are more manageable. Winter is also a magical time to visit, especially if you’re interested in seeing the Christmas markets in the Old Town Square, where you can sip mulled wine while shopping for handmade crafts.
Getting Around
Prague’s public transportation system is efficient and affordable, with trams, buses, and an extensive metro network. The historic Tram 22 is a great way to see many of the city’s sights as it winds through both Old Town and Lesser Town. Much of the city is also very walkable, especially in the historic center, where wandering the narrow streets is part of the charm.
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik, often referred to as the “Pearl of the Adriatic,” is one of the most stunning coastal cities in Europe. Located on the southern tip of Croatia along the Dalmatian coast, this UNESCO World Heritage site is famous for its well-preserved medieval architecture, crystal-clear waters, and dramatic city walls. Whether you’re drawn by its history, the beauty of the Adriatic Sea, or its role as a filming location for Game of Thrones, Dubrovnik offers a unique blend of old-world charm and modern attractions.
The Old Town: A Step Back in Time
Dubrovnik’s Old Town is its crown jewel, encircled by imposing stone walls that date back to the 10th century. These walls, stretching over 2 kilometers (1.25 miles), are among the best-preserved fortifications in the world. Walking along the city walls provides breathtaking views of the terracotta rooftops, the azure sea, and nearby islands. This is one of the top experiences in Dubrovnik, especially at sunset.
As you wander the Stradun, the main pedestrian street of the Old Town, you’ll be captivated by its gleaming limestone pavement and centuries-old buildings. Lined with cafes, shops, and historic landmarks, Stradun is the perfect place to soak in the city’s atmosphere. Notable buildings to see include the Sponza Palace, a Gothic-Renaissance masterpiece, and Rector’s Palace, which once served as the seat of Dubrovnik’s government and is now a museum.
Must-See Sights
- City Walls: The massive walls are the city’s most famous attraction, offering a stunning vantage point of both the Old Town and the Adriatic Sea. Walking the entire length of the walls takes about two hours and provides a fascinating perspective on Dubrovnik’s strategic fortifications, including towers and bastions like Minčeta Tower and Fort Bokar.
- Lovrijenac Fortress: Standing on a 37-meter-high cliff just outside the city walls, this fortress has long defended Dubrovnik from invaders. It offers some of the best views of the Old Town and the sea. Lovrijenac is also a popular location for Game of Thrones fans, as it featured prominently as the Red Keep in King’s Landing.
- Dubrovnik Cathedral: The Baroque-style Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is home to stunning religious art and a treasury filled with relics, including a piece of the true cross. Its grand altar and beautiful dome are worth admiring.
- Franciscan Monastery: Dating back to the 14th century, this monastery houses one of the oldest continuously operating pharmacies in Europe, which has been in service since 1317. The peaceful cloister is an oasis of tranquility and a masterpiece of Romanesque-Gothic architecture.
- Mount Srđ: For panoramic views of Dubrovnik and the surrounding islands, take a cable car or hike up Mount Srđ. At the summit, you’ll find Fort Imperial, built by Napoleon’s forces in the 19th century, and a war museum detailing Dubrovnik’s defense during the Croatian War of Independence.
Island Hopping and Beaches
Dubrovnik’s coastal location makes it the perfect gateway to the Adriatic Sea’s beautiful islands and beaches. Just off the coast is Lokrum Island, a nature reserve known for its botanical gardens, peacocks, and ruins of a Benedictine monastery. It’s a short 10-minute ferry ride from the Old Town, ideal for a day trip of hiking, swimming, or relaxing by the sea.
If you’re in search of beaches, Dubrovnik won’t disappoint. The popular Banje Beach, just outside the city walls, offers stunning views of the Old Town and crystal-clear waters, while the more secluded Sveti Jakov Beach is perfect for those looking to escape the crowds.
For a longer excursion, take a boat tour to the Elaphiti Islands, a small archipelago offering untouched beaches, pine forests, and charming villages. The islands of Šipan, Lopud, and Koločep are perfect for a day of swimming, snorkeling, or exploring by bike.
Game of Thrones Tour
Fans of Game of Thrones will find Dubrovnik instantly recognizable as the backdrop for King’s Landing, the capital of Westeros. Guided tours are available, taking visitors to iconic filming locations such as Fort Lovrijenac (Red Keep), the Pile Gate (where riots and battles took place), and the Jesuit Stairs (the site of Cersei’s infamous “Walk of Shame”). Even if you’re not a fan of the series, these locations are worth visiting for their historical and architectural significance.
Local Cuisine
Croatian cuisine is a delicious blend of Mediterranean and Slavic influences, and Dubrovnik’s coastal location means seafood plays a starring role. Be sure to try black risotto, a dish made with cuttlefish and its ink, giving it its distinctive color. Other must-try dishes include octopus salad, grilled Adriatic fish, and pasticada (a slow-cooked beef dish in a rich sauce).
For dessert, don’t miss rožata, a local take on crème caramel, or Dubrovnik’s famous fig cakes. Pair your meal with a glass of Croatian wine; the nearby Pelješac Peninsula is known for its excellent red wines, particularly Dingač.
Nightlife and Entertainment
While Dubrovnik is a quieter city compared to some European capitals, it offers a vibrant nightlife scene, especially in the summer months. The Old Town’s narrow streets are home to cozy wine bars, live music venues, and open-air cafes. The Buza Bar, perched on cliffs outside the city walls, is a must-visit for its stunning views over the Adriatic—perfect for watching the sunset.
During the summer, the Dubrovnik Summer Festival takes over the city, with open-air performances of theater, music, and dance in historic venues like the Rector’s Palace and Lovrijenac Fortress.
When to Visit
The best time to visit Dubrovnik is during the spring (April to June) and fall (September to October), when the weather is pleasant, and the crowds are smaller. July and August are peak tourist season, so expect higher prices and more visitors. However, the city hosts a variety of events and festivals in summer, making it a lively time to visit.
Winter in Dubrovnik is quieter but offers a peaceful, crowd-free experience. The city is beautifully decorated for Christmas, and you can explore the Old Town at your leisure.
Getting Around
Dubrovnik’s Old Town is pedestrian-only, so you’ll need to explore it on foot. The city’s public transportation system, consisting of buses, is efficient for getting to surrounding areas, including beaches and the ferry terminal. Taxis and rideshares are also available, but Dubrovnik is quite walkable.
For island hopping or coastal trips, ferries and private boat tours are the most convenient options.